Everything about Girolamo Rainaldi totally explained
Girolamo Rainaldi (
1570 -
July 15,
1655) was an
Italian architect who worked on the whole in a conservative
Mannerist style, often with collaborating architects, yet was a successful competitor of
Bernini. His son,
Carlo Rainaldi, became an even more notable, more fully Baroque architect.
Biography
The son of a painter from Norcia, Rainaldi was born in
Rome.
He trained with the architect-engineer
Domenico Fontana and collaborated as a junior partner with
Giacomo Della Porta, whom he succeeded as the papacy's chief architect, under the patronage of
Pope Sixtus V. He became the chief Papal architect of Rome in
1602, and thus was constantly at work on lesser projects such as altars and church furnishings, and with on-going projects of other designers, especially at
St Peter's and in completing
Michelangelo's project at the
Campidoglio with the
Palazzo Nuovo dicreetly designed to mirror Michelangelo's masterful
Palazzo dei Conservatori.
Rainaldi's most influential single design was the façade of the Chiesa di Gesù e Maria; the project began in 1642, and wasn't completed before Rainaldi's death. In his official capacity Rainaldi also designed the palazzo to house the
Jesuits in the Piazza del Gesù, a Mannerist façade without a trace of Baroque in its details. As the favored architect of Cardinal Pamphili, he temporarily eclipsed Bernini when Pamphili became Pope as
Innocent X in
1644. The elder Rainaldi's important projects in Rome the
Palazzo Pamphilj in Piazza Navona (c. 1645 – 1650), where he designed the ground plan of Sant'Agnese and laid its foundations beginning in 1652, but was replaced the following year by
Francesco Borromini, who erected quite a different façade on Rainaldi's foundations; after Rainaldi's death
his son Carlo was called in to replace Borromini.
The elder Rainaldi was all but house architect for the
Farnese family. In the Farnese stronghold of
Caprarola, near Rome, Cardinal Odoardo Farnese commissioned Rainaldi to build for the
Discalced Carmelites the Church of SS Maria e Silvestro (1621–23), a beautiful and original church adapted to exigencies of the site. Cardinal Odoardo also commissioned the enriched interior of Santa Maria della Consolazione at Caprarola. Rainaldi, who had adapted for the Farnese two monumental antique granite basins as matching fountains in
Piazza Farnese in 1626, was taken to
Parma by the Farnese to build their town palaces there, and also did the vaulting of
Santissima Annunziata in that city.
Rainaldi was also active in
Bologna, where he designed the vaulting to cover the vast and ambitious church of
San Petronio (finished on-site by Francesco Martini), and designed the Church of Santa Lucia (1623). For
Francesco d’Este, who, with the loss of the Este seat of
Ferrara to the Papal States, concentrated his patronage in his
Duchy of Modena, Rainaldi contributed to the construction of the Ducal Palace to supplant the ancient
castello, and was in particular charged with the layout and elaborate hydraulics of its gardens, with
giochi di acque and a theater
clipped in green hedges, 1631-34 (Roganti).
Girolamo Rainaldi is modestly buried next to his father in the Church of
Santi Luca e Martina; designed in part by Rainaldi's father, and part by
Pietro da Cortona.
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